Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Typical treatment processes consist of grates, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, granular filtration and disinfection. Application of coagulationflocculation process of dairy. Choice of water treatment process choice of treatment process depends on.
Coagulation is an intermediary step, but it is essential to the physicochemical treatment process of water and wastewater. Coagulationflocculation is one of the most crucial and widely used surface water treatment processes for colloids particles, phosphorus and organic matters removal. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. Flocculation,flocculation process,uses of flocculation process. Flocculants are used in water treatment processes to improve the sedimentation or filterability of small particles, for example to aid removal of microscopic particles that would otherwise cause the water to be turbid cloudy and which would be difficult or impossible to remove by. This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the. Flocculation, the agglomerations of destabilized particles into large particles, can be enhanced by the additional of highmolecularweight, watersoluble organic polymers. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water terry l.
Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Flocculation water treatment is the process of bring together the destabilized, or coagulated, particles to form a larger agglomeration, or floc. Flocculation or floculation is a significant process widely utilized in water treatment operations, including purification of drinking water, sewage water treatment, storm water treatment and treatment of various other industrial wastewater streams. With a reciprocating paddle design, the walking beam flocculators improve the sedimentation or filterability of the small particles in the drinking water treatment process, typically for larger water systems serving greater than ten 10 thousand people. Roles of magnetic particles in magnetic seeding coagulation.
Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. The principal factors affecting the coagulation and flocculation of water or wastewater are. Oct 23, 2017 flocculation can be applied in many ways, such as in water treatment. The current invention provides a novel process for the treatment and reclamation of drilling frac flowback and produced wastewater from the drilling industry. Flocculation can be applied in many ways, such as in water treatment. Westech can provide conventional layouts with separate flocculation and clarification, or combination units such as solids contact clarifiers and even highrate processes that can squeeze into very small footprints. Flocculation and sedimentation are widely employed in the purification of drinking water as well as in sewage treatment, storm water treatment and treatment of industrial wastewater streams. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. A new way to treat the waste water tridib tripathy1 and bhudeb ranjan de2 1 narajole raj college, narajole, paschim medinipur 2 department of chemistry, vidyasagar university, paschim medinipur received 7 november, 2006. In water treatment, coagulation is the result of the addition of chemical reagents to water suspensions where the dispersed colloidal particles are assembled in larger aggregates called flocs or microflocs.
The wastewater is pumped into the system and is treated sequentially by passing through a mechanical hydrocavitation unit, an. Apr 27, 2016 coagulation and flocculation in water treatment prepared by. So treatment involving coagulation and flocculation is typical of surface water. Now that the particles have a neutral charge and can stick together.
A method and apparatus for treating wastewater is described herein. Grundfos delivers the reliability required with complete dosing pump systems that ensure correct flocculation for the purification of drinking water, based on reliable, efficient and intelligent technologies. Flocculation and sedimentation filtration 7 extracted from prof c visvanathans lecture notes ambatale wtp. Application of organic coagulants in water and wastewater treatment. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water.
Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. Tlc recommends that you download and save this pdf document and. A combined unit in which processes of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation. Improvement of the flocculation process in water treatment. Systems based on reliable efficient and intelligent technologies. Polishing of the final effluent is accomplished by passing the water through a mixed media tank. Water treatment coagulation flocculation basics youtube.
Common water treatment processes like screening, presedimentation, coagulation flocculation and filtration intended to remove suspended solids and. Flocculation ovivo worldwide experts in water treatment. Coagulation or flocculation process was conducted for the treatment of industrial wastewater to achieve maximum removal of cod, tp and tss. A very important step in water and in wastewater treatment is the coagulationflocculation process, which is widely used, due to its simplicity and costeffectiveness. Process for single system electrocoagulation, magnetic, cavitation and flocculation emcf treatment of water and wastewater. If the mixing is too fast, the flocs will break apart into small. Key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps.
It is a vital part for drinking water and wastewater treatment. Lake and reservoir water has a more uniform yearround quality and requires a lesser degree of treatment than river water. In general, coagulation implies the step where the repulsive potential of colloids electrical double layers is reduced and small aggregates can be produced by brownian motion. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a readable and useful resource for the water scientist and engineer. According to these last results, a new trial was performed to confirm the enhancement of the total coagulation and flocculation process by increasing the stirring speed up to 80 rpm in the second stage of the jar test. Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1. The removal of contaminants from waste water is a must before they can be reused. The market for the world water treatment chemicals comprises various chemicals used in the water treatment processes. Flocculation is the process of creating conditions for particulates to come together to form flocs of solids and then settle in treated water.
Coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of. Municipal water treatment processes city of san angelo. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking.
Possible to combine wastewater treatment with eps production as. Mar 04, 2017 the purpose of coagulation water treatment process is to removes the colloidal particles from water. Engelhardt application development manager drinking water hach company photo by author the intent of this paper is to provide cursory information about coagulation, flocculation and clarification. Flocculation and sedimentation are widely employed in the purification of drinking water. The process of coagulation and flocculation is one of the most important operations among the water clarification process, but its efficiency is influenced. Pdf the optimization of coagulationflocculation process in a. Introduction the need to clarify water aesthetics and health colloids impart color and turbidity to water aesthetical acceptability microbes are colloids too 042716 water treatment 2. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment bratby, john on. More particularly, an electrocoagulation treatment process produces gas, precipitates dissolved contaminants, andor aggregates suspended solids, while the ballasted flocculation treatment process. The present study deals with the determination of physical and chemical parameters in the treatment process of waste water by flocculation and coagulation processes using natural coagulants and assessing their feasibility for water treatment by comparing the performance with each other and with a synthetic coagulant. Water treatment step tostep to conventional water treatment dr. Addition of positively charged particles in the coagulation process is aimed to destabilizing the colloids.
The aim of this paper is to provide an overall description of coagulation flocculation process and its applications in water and wastewater treatment. The results revealed that mps addition performed the efficient and fast separation of flocs in the external magnetic field. Sedimentation and filtration processes can removes most of the solid particles but the small particles that are remains in colloidal suspension cannot removes. Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field, coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous examples and appended information. Coagulation flocculation chemistry physical sciences. Effect of settling time, velocity gradient, and camp number on.
Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1. Source waters with moderatetohigh turbidity andor organics require pretreatment. The most widely used coagulants in water treatment are aluminum sulfate and iron salts. In a conventional water treatment process, the coagulation and flocculation is the key stage which. Water treatment plant waste sludge disposal is dealt with in considerable detail, in an appendix devoted to this subject. It is also employed in treatment of storm water and industrial wastewater, preventing and treating water corrosion. Coagulation and flocculation part 1 overview of the process. Ppt coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. The process of coagulation and flocculation is one of the most important operations among the water clarification process, but its efficiency is influenced by coagulant dosage which is done by the.
Coagulation and flocculation are performed in a granular. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment process. The water flows into a tank with paddles that provide slow mixing and bring the small particles together to form larger particles called flocs. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. Coagulation and flocculation involves the removal of suspended solids and turbidity from water to prepare it for use or for further treatment. Ramavandi, 2014 ramavandi, 2014evaluated the coagulation potential of fcefecl3inducedcrudeextract obtained. Dec 10, 2017 key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. This step typically uses the difference in density between the water and the suspended material for separation.
Coagulation is the destabilization of colloidal particles brought about by the addition of a chemical reagent called as coagulant. Used in both municipal water treatment and industrial water treatment, the hydrex 3000 series is the approved filtration in water treatment for potable water applications, while its sister series, the hydrex 6000 range, is used in sewage treatment plants, industrial processes and industrial wastewater treatment, aiding in flocculation in. It is a convenient reference handbook providing numerous examples and appended information and it is a vital text for course material for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Principles and design of water treatment pdf free download.
The process of consolidation of colloidal particles by neutralizing the charges with a coagulant, so that they can remove from the treated water by sedimentation or filtration is called coagulation. Method for removing of colloidal particles from raw water pdf. Harmful chemicals from human activities industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Mixing is done quite slowly and gently in the flocculation step. Natural flocculants from fresh and saline wastewater. The present invention combines an electrocoagulation process with a ballasted flocculation process to treat contaminated water or wastewater. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge. The coagulationflocculation processes facilitate the removal of ss and colloidal particles. The purpose of the present article is to clarify and explain the processes in details along with the materials involved in the processes.
Coagulations and flocculation water treatment suez. Combined coagulation flocculation pre treatment unit for municipal. A very important step in water and in wastewater treatment is the coagulation flocculation process, which is widely used, due to its simplicity and costeffectiveness. Coagulation and flocculation in water treatment prepared by. The method is widely used in water treatment plants and can also be applied to sample processing for monitoring applications. The aim of this paper is to provide an overall description of coagulationflocculation process and its applications in water and wastewater treatment.
Location in the treatment plant after the source water has been screened and has passed through the optional steps of prechlorination and aeration, it is ready for coagulation and flocculation. Kalpesh solanki major clean up water treatment processes. The water may contain suspended matter, small or large solid particles. The most commonly used coagulants in water and wastewater treatment are the. Coagulation water treatment process hard and soft water. Flocculants are used in water treatment processes to improve the sedimentation or filterability of small particles, for example to aid removal of microscopic particles that would otherwise cause the water to be turbid cloudy and which would be difficult or impossible to remove by filtration alone. This study demonstrated that mps coupling with pacl and pam in mcf process could enhance particles, phosphorus and organic matters removal compared with a reference cf process for surface water treatment. More particularly, an electrocoagulation treatment process produces gas, precipitates dissolved contaminants, andor aggregates suspended solids, while. Water treatment is carried out to decrease these tss levels as per the end user requirement, and hence, differ depending on the tss level, location, and application. Us20060108273a1 ballasted flocculation process and. Improvement of the flocculation process in water treatment by. Pathogens diseasecausing organisms that include bacteria, amoebas and viruses, as well as the eggs and larvae of parasitic worms. Pdf coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater. Flocculation and sedimentation are widely employed in the purification of drinking water as well as in sewage treatment, stormwater treatment and treatment of industrial wastewater streams.
Water treatment flocculation process operation youtube. Coagulants are the chemicals that are used to removes tiny particles in water. Flocculation and clarification for municipal water treatment. Flocculation is a process by which a chemical coagulant added to the water acts to facilitate bonding between particles, creating larger aggregates which are easier to separate. Treatment of waste water by coagulation and flocculation. This process is widely implemented in sewage treatment as well as drinking water purification. The first stage in most chemical water treatment processes is coagulation, whose performance is dependent on coagulant. The removal of contaminants from these effluents involves the process of flocculation and coagulation. Download coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. It is also employed in treatment of storm water and industrial wastewater, preventing and. The wastewater is delivered to the emcf system from a frac tank or other reservoir. In water treatment, coagulation flocculation involves the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fines into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd.
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